1.be动词的作用及用法是什么be动词的用法 英语的“be”是个特别动词;有些语言,如中文和马来文,并没有“be”这样的动词. “Be”除了原形的“be”之外,还有另外七种形式:am, is, are, been, being, was, were. 在句子中,“be”可以是主动词(The Principal Verb)或助动词(The Auxiliary Verb). 当主动词时,“be”在性质上属于接系动词(The Linking Verb), 后面要有名词、形容词、地方副词或短语作补足语(The Complement).例如: 1. The man is a science teacher. 2. Mary's new dresses are colourful. 3. I have been there before. 4. Mother is in the kitchen now. 这四个都是陈述句,可以变成疑问句,方法简单,把主语和“be”或助动词对换位置即可: 5. Is the man a science teacher? 6. Are Mary's new dresses colourful? 7. Have I been there before? 8. Is mother in the kitchen now? 当“be”要在祈使句中出现时,它必须借重助动词“do”或“don't”之助,如: 9. Don't be silly! 10. Do be obedient! 11. Don't be a fool! “Be”有两种缩写法,如下: 12. He's not./He isn't. 13. You're not./You aren't 。
但“am + not”的缩写法只有一个: 14. I'm not. 有人用“ain't”, 但这并不是标准英语. 谈过了“be”作主动词的功能,现在看看“be”作助动词时,有些什么用法: 1.“Be + 现在分词”以组成进行式时态(Continuous Tenses),如: 15. Tony's maid is washing his new car. 16. The children are playing in the field. 17. Samuel was eating when I came in. 18. We have been living here since 1959. 2.“Be + 过去分词”以组成被动语态(The Passive Voice),如: 19. Her money in the drawer was stolen. 20. A number of good jobs are taken up byforeigners. 21. David studied in Taiwan but has been trained as a language lecturer in America. 22. Can all the wonderful birds be found in our Bird Park? 23. The disobedient boy was told to stand out- side the classroom. 24. Steps are being taken to reduce traffic con- gestion during peak hours. 25. Dishonest students will be immediately dealt with. 。
2.be动词的用法be动词的一般现在时有三种形式,即:am, is, are 。
1. 如果主语是第一人称I(我)时,be动词用am 。
如:I am a student. 我是一名学生 。
I am 还可缩写成I'm 。如:
I'm David. 我是大卫 。
2. 如果主语是you (你,你们), they (他们,它们,她们)或名词复数 (两个以上的人或物)时,be动词必须用are 。
如:Are you twelve? 你是十二岁吗?
Tom and Lily are good friends. 汤姆和莉莉是好朋友 。
They are at school. 他们在学校 。
are与主语还可缩写 。如: We are= We're, They are =They're, You are = You're 。而are与 not可缩写成aren't 。
如:They aren't students. 他们不是学生 。但是am与not不能缩写 。
3. 如果主语是单数名词、不可数名词或单数第三人称代词(he, she, it)时,be动词用is 。
如:My mother is a teacher. 我的妈妈是一名老师 。
He is a student. 他是一名学生 。
is也可与主语缩写,如: He is = He's, My mother is = My mother's等 。但是This is不可缩写 。而is与not可缩写成 isn't 。
如:This isn't a book. 这不是一本书 。
根据以上叙述我们可以把动词的用法以口诀的形式表述出来:
我(I)是am,
你(you)是are,
剩下is留给她(she), 他(he), 它(it),
两个以上都用are 。
[思路分析]
be作助动词用的形式如下:
①am, is, are, was, were
②助动词+be:shall be, will be, can be, etc.
③have/has/had + been(完成时)
④am, is, …being(进行时)
[解题过程]
(1)表达进行时态
句型 be + V-ing…(进行时态)
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